Section 2 Reading Comprehension(In this section you will find after each of the passages a number of questions or unfinished statements about the passage, each with 4 (A, B, C and D) choices to answer the question or complete the statement You must choose the one which you think fits best Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.)
1.Research on friendship has established a number of facts, some interesting, some even useful.Did you know that the average student has five to six friends, or that a friend who was previously an enemy is liked more than one who has always been on the right side? Would you believe that physically attractive individuals are preferred as friends to those less comely, and is it fair that physically attractive defendants are less likely to be found guilty in court? Unfortunately, such titbits do not tell us much more about the nature or the purpose of friendship. In fact, studies of friendship seem to implicate more complex factors.For example,one function friendship seems to fulfill is that it supports the image we have of ourselves,and confirms the value of the attitudes we hold.Certainly we appear to project ourselves onto our friends; several studies have shown that we judge them to be more like us than they (objectively) are.This suggests that we ought to choose friends who are similar to us (“birds of a feather”）rather than those who would be complementary (“opposites attract”).In our experiment, some developing friendships were monitored amongst first-year students living in the same hostel.It was found that similarity of attitudes (toward politics, religion and ethics, pastimes and aesthetics) was a good predictor of what friendships would be established by the end of the four months, though it had less to do with initial alliances —not surprisingly, since attitudes may not be obvious on first inspection. There have also been studies of pairings, both voluntary (married couples) and forced (student roommates), to see who remained together and who split up.Again, the evidence seems to favor similarity rather than complementarity as an omen of a successful relationship，though there is a complication: when marriage is concerned，once the field has been narrowed down to potential mates who come from similar backgrounds and share a broad range of attitudes and values, a degree of complementarity seems to become desirable.When a couple is not just similar but almost identical, something else seems to be needed.Similarity can breed contempt; it has also been found that when we find others obnoxious, we dislike them more if they are like us than when they are dissimilar. The difficulty of linking friendship with similarity of personality probably reflects the complexity of our personalities: we have many facets and therefore require a disparate group of friends to support us.This, of course, can explain why we may have two close friends who have little in common and indeed dislike each other.By and large, though, it looks as though we would do well to choose friends (and spouses) who resemble us.If this were not so, computer dating agencies would have gone out of business years ago.
【正确答案-参考解析】：参加考试可见2. Municipal bans on smoking in restaurants and bars are highly controversial, but history shows they can also be highly effective.But are all smoking bans equally successful?
The barkeeper and blogger who writes as “Scribbler50” was outraged when， in 2003， New York City enacted one of the first comprehensive smoking bans in bars and restaurants， “How can a guy and some board just kick us in the teeth like this? This smacks of fascism.” If people are aware of the consequences of smoking or visiting places with lots of secondhand smoke， Should the govemment really have to tell us what to do? Won’t people just vote with their feet and smoke even more when they’re at home and away from restrictions?
Scribbler50’s post inspired the physician who blogs as “PalMD” last week to look up the research on the effectiveness of smoking bans.He found several studies showing that not only did workers in restaurants and bars show improved health shortly after the bans were put in place, but smokers themselves also reduced the number of cigarettes they smoked.
Overall, however, smoking rates remain persistently high, despite the common workplace smoking bans.Can other government measures help these smokers live healthier lives, or at least prevent people from taking up the habit?
In the U.S., warning messages have been in place on cigarette packages for decades.But the messages are rather clinical, for example：“Smoking Causes Lung Cancer， Heart Disease， and May Complicate Pregnancy.” What if packages contained more dramatic wamings? In January， psychologist and science writer Christian Jarrett looked at a small study of smokers’ reactions to cigarette warnings. The researchers measured self-esteem in student smokers， then showed them cigarette packages with either death-related warnings （“Smokers die earlier”） or esteem-related warnings （“Smoking makes you unattractive”）. Students who derived self-esteem from smoking and saw the death-related warnings later viewed smoking more positively than those who saw the esteem-related wammgs. For students whose smoking wasn’t motivated by self-esteem， the eifect was reversed.
So not all anti-smoking messages are equal：Depending on who the message is directed at, a morbid warning on a cigarette label may actually backfire.
Scribbler50, for his part, is now a convert favoring smoking restrictions, at least in his narrow limits as a bartender.His patrons who haven’t quit smoking say they smoke a lot less now that they have to go outside to get a nicotine fix.He doesn"t miss emptying ashtrays，or the holier-than-thou customers who complained every time a fellow patron lit up, or working in a smoke-filled bar all night and going home “smelling like you put out a three-alarm”.
Would it be right to enact even more restrictions on smoking in the interest of public health? It’s hard to deny that banning smoking in public, indoor spaces has been a huge success.Why not try out some stronger smoking bans? Parents in some areas are already restricted from smoking in cars with children，but I haven’t seen a study that evaluates the success of those measures.Perhaps a state or municipality could try extending the ban to homes, with provisions for studying the results. It’s also possible that stronger measures would be counter-productive, like the stronger warnings on cigarette labels.Maybe we’ll decide that at some level deciding whether or not to smoke should still be an individual choice.Or maybe in a few generations, it won’t be necessary to regulate smoking: There won’t be any smokers left.
【正确答案-参考解析】：参加考试可见Section 3 Cloze Test(In the following passage, there are 20 blanks representing words that are missing from the context.Below the passage，each blank has 4 choices marked by letters A, B, C and D respectively.There is only ONE right answer.Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.)
1.There are moments in life when you________(91) someone so much that you just want to pick them from your dreams and hug them for real! When the door of happiness closes, another opens, but often times we look________(92)long at the________(93) door that we don't see the one which has been opened________(94) us. Don't go for looks; they can ________(95).Don't go for wealth; even that fades________(96).Go for someone who makes you smile because it________(97) only a smile to make a dark day seem bright.Find the one that makes your heart________(98). Dream what you want to dream; go where you want to go; ________(99) what you want to be, because you have only one life and one chance to do all the things you want to do. ________(100) you have enough happiness to make you sweet, enough________(101) to make you strong，enough sorrow to keep you________(102), enough hope to make you happy. The happiest of people don't________(103) have the best of everything; they just make the________(104) of everything that comes along their way. Love begins with a smile, grows with a kiss and ends with a ________(105). The brightest future will always be based on a________(106) past, you can't go ________(107) well in life until you let go of your past failures and________(108). When you were born, you were crying and everyone around you was smiling.________(109) your life so that when you die, you're the one who is smiling and everyone ________(110)you is crying.
【正确答案-参考解析】：参加考试可见
