题库

1.Since the Sui Dynasty, yellow was officially designated as the______color for the imperial family.

A.extensive

B.exclusive

C.inclusive

D.comprehensive

2.In other parts of China where major earthquakes have been______by foreshocks,unusual behavior in rats, fish, and snakes were observed as early as three days prior to the earthquake.

A.processed

B.produced

C.preceded

D.proceeded

1.The chapter one discusses the primal religion and the dissemination of Christianity in the Rome-Britain period.

A.obtainable

B.fundamental

C.workable

D.instinctive

2.These sundry calamities in the West have provided Asian commentators with an unmissable chance to unveil Western hypocrisy.

A.conceal

B.uncover

C.sweep

D.prevail

1.So involved in his experiments the professor has become that he can hardly have time to go on holiday with his family.

A.has become the professor

B.had become the professor

C.has the professor become

D.the professor becomes

2.Globalization has spurred on this trend through the ubiquitous internet to realize wireless connections, affordable devices to collect data, and the ability of easy connection to others.

A.to easily connect with

B.to easily connect to

C.to easy connection with

D.of easy connection with

1.America’s more capitalist sports fans commonly acknowledge that their country’s most popular sports, like the National Football League and the National Basketball Association,have several rules that would please a Scandinavian social democrat. Salary caps and luxury taxes limit how much each team can spend on players, punish those that over-spend, and close the gap between rich and poor teams. In both sports, the top draft picks typically go to the worst-performing squads from the previous year. Revenue sharing redistributes wealth among the rich and poor teams. Overall, success is punished by design, misfortune is rewarded by design, and the power of wealth is circumscribed with spending caps. It's a different story across the Atlantic, where many European soccer leagues have practices that would please an American conservative. There are few salary-cap rules, so a handful of rich teams tend to dominate annually. When a soccer team performs poorly, it is not rewarded with a high draft pick. Instead, the club is relegated to a less competitive league, a mighty blow to their revenue. Meanwhile the most successful teams from lower divisions are promoted to more competitive leagues where they can earn even more money. For years, economists have wondered why America doesn’t share Europe’s socialist approach to government. But maybe ifs worth flipping the question: Why don't European sports share U.S.-style socialism? Why do European soccer leagues punish the downtrodden,while American sports are so soft on losers? In their famous 2001 paper, “Why Doesn't The U.S. Have A European-Style Welfare State?” the economists Alberto Alesina, Edward Glaeser, and Bruce Sacerdote pointed out that public policies are an echo of national history. For example, in the U.S., the legacy of the 19th century’s “open frontier” made Americans skeptical of government intrusion，while the absence of an influential socialist party after World War Ⅱ made it difficult for leftist policies to take root. By analogy, perhaps, one could look to history to see the origin of Europe's surprisingly free-market approach to sports. The rules of today's English Premier League can be traced to the late 19th century, when English soccer was in a period of rapid growth, with hundreds of English and Welsh clubs forming in several decades. Owners, players, and fans all recognized that the helter-skelter scheduling made it harder for people to plan their lives around soccer. In 1888, 12 teams banded together to form England’s first Football League. This provided a modicum of structure to the beautiful game, such as set schedules and guaranteed home games. In its original rules, the worst teams in the league had to apply for “reelection” to remain. Otherwise, one of England’s hundreds of other soccer teams could take their place. As the League grew in size and number of divisions, reelection evolved into a system of promotion and relegation — a model that has taken hold in soccer leagues in Europe and around the world.

2.Hit songs are big business, so there is an incentive for composers to try to tease out those ingredients that might increase their chances of success. This, however, is harD.Songs are complex mixtures of features. How to analyze them is not obvious and is made more difficult still by the fact that what is popular changes over time. But Natalia Komarova, a mathematician at the University of California, Irvine, thinks she has cracked the problem. As she writes in Royal Society Open Science this week, her computer analysis suggests that the songs currently preferred by consumers are danceable, party-like numbers. Unfortunately,those actually writing songs prefer something else. Dr Komarova and her colleagues collected information on music released in Britain between 1985 and 2015. They looked in public repositories of music “metadata” that are used by music lovers and are often tapped into by academics. They compared what they found in these repositories with what had made it into the charts. Metadata are information about the nature of a song that can give listeners an idea of what that song is like before they hear it. The repositories presented Dr Komarova and her team with more than 500,000 songs that had been tagged by algorithms which had been trained to detect numerous musical features. The tags included a dozen binary variables (dark or bright timbre; can or cannot be danced to; vocal or instrumental; sung by a man or a woman; and so on). The team fed all of this information into a computer and compared the features of songs that had made it into the charts (roughly 4% of those in the repositories)with those of songs that had not. Overall, the team's results suggested that songs tagged as happy and bright have become rarer during the past 30 years; the opposites have therefore appeared with greater frequency. That was not, however, reflected in what made it into the charts. Chart successes were happier and brighter (though also less relaxed), than the average songs released during the same year. Chart toppers were also more likely than average songs to have been performed by women. All this is important information for executives of music companies. Dr Komarova used these results to train her computer to try to predict whether a randomly presented song was likely to have been a hit in a given year. The machine correctly predicted success 75% of the time, compared with the 4% rate that guessing success at random from the music database would yield — something else music executives might pay attention to. Content is not everything. As might be expected, circumstances — particularly any fame already attaching to a recording artist or artists — had an effect, too. But not a huge one. Adding in information about who was performing a song increased the accuracy of prediction to 85%. That suggests that musical fame is actually attached to talent，rather than to hype. And this, perhaps, is a third lesson for an industry that some believe is not wedded to talent enough.

1.Do students learn as much when they read digitally as they do in print? For both parents and teachers, knowing whether computer-based media are improving or ______(91) education is a question of concern. With the surge in ______(92) of e-books, online learning and open educational resources, investigators have been trying to determine whether students do ______(93) well when reading an assigned text on a digital screen as______(94) paper. The answer______(95) the question, however，needs far more than a yes-no response. In my research, I have compared the ways in which we read in print and onscreen. Between 2013 and 2015, I gathered data from 429 university students______(96) from five countries (the U.S., Japan, Germany, Slovenia and India). The students in my study reported that print was______(97) more enjoyable,______(98) things such as “I like the smell of paper” or that reading in print is “real reading”. What's more，print gave them a sense of where they were in the book — they could “see” and “feel”______(99) in the text. Print was also judged to be______(100) on the eyes and less ______(101) to encourage multitasking than digital reading. Almost half the participants complained______(102) eyestrain from reading digitally (“my eyes bum'')，and 67 percent indicated they were likely to multitask while reading digitally (compared with 41 percent when reading print). At the same time，respondents praised digital reading on ______(103) counts,______(104) the ability to read in the dark,______(105) of finding material (“plenty of quick information”)，saving paper and even the fact they could multitask______(106)reading. But the bigger question is whether students are learning as much when they read onscreen. A number of researchers have sought to measure learning by asking people to read a passage of text, ______(107) in print or on a digital device, and then testing for comprehension. Most studies have found that participants scored about the same when reading in each______(108), though a few have indicated that students performed better on tests when they read in print. The problem, however，with learning-measurement studies is that their notion of “learning”has tended to be simplistic.Reading passages and answering questions ______(109)maybe a familiar tool in standardized testing, but tells us little about any deeper level of understanding. In my view,______(110) short-and-to-the-point materials may be a good fit for digital consumption, ifs not the sort of reading likely to nurture the critical thinking we still talk about as a hallmark of university education.