Section 1 English-Chinese Translation(Translate the following passage into Chinese.)
1.Risto Siilasmaa is the chairman of Nokia, Which is today a very different and much sma11er company than in 2008 when he joined its board as a non-executive director.
When Apple launched the iPhone in 2007, Nokia at first seemed to view it as a niche competitor with a high price-tag that would capture only a small slice of the market. After a11, Nokia’s phones appeared to have all the bells and whistles needed to succeed. Users could download music and listen to the radio;they could use their phones to take photos and
Videos; they could send and receive email; and even use maps.
Mr Siilasmaa had a front-row seat for the drama that ensued when he first joined the firm, but he had very little real influence on the board decisions. As he explains, board members have limited access to limited quantities of important company information. With his software background, however, he quickly perceived the firm’s big problem. Its devices could rival the iPhone mechanically, but the operating system could not compete. Nokia’s symbian system was cumbersome for users, Who had to send confirmations whenever any function was added to the phone.
Nokia also had a wide range of devices with different operating requirements, making it difficult for app developers to customise their offerings. Apple, by contrast, had only one platform and enjoyed the benefit of being able to design a system from scratch.
Increasingly concerned about these problems, Mr Siilasmaa wrote a strategy document suggesting that the company should consider embracing the Android operating system for Phones, Which was rapidly gaining market share. He sent it straight to Nokia’s chairman, Jorma Ollila.
Before becoming chairman, he had been Nokia’s chief executive from 1992 to 2006, the years of its rise to dominance. He did not seem to appreciate a non-executive director putting his oar in. Mr Siilasmaa tried again, this time sending his memo to the chief executive and other board members,but his concerns were never addressed in board meetings.
Mr Ollila, now 68, has described Mr Siilasmaa’s claims as exaggerated or not true. But Nokia’s performance deteriorated sharply during his last years in charge, and nothing he did was able to stop it. The company did team up with Microsoft to launch a Windows-based Phone, the Lumia. But by 2012, When Mr o11ila left the board, Nokia’s market value had fallen by 92% since Apple’s iPhone was launched and the firm was making a loss.
Mr Siilasmaa came in as the new chairman when the company’s fortunes seemed to be at rock-bottom. Instead, the news got worse: the Lunia phone received good reviews but failed to gain market share.
So Mr Siilasmaa acted. In 2013 Nokia sold the phone business to Microsoft and struck out in a different direction. Now Nokia offers “end-to-end” digital infrastructure, supplying network equipment and software to telecoms operators. It is profitable, but its share price has barely moved in the past five years and future success is dependent on a wave of spending on 5G telecoms networks, Which may come slowly.
Nokia was already a classic example of the perils of disruptive innovation for industry leaders. Mr Siilasmaa’s account underlines how little influence board members often have when faced with an entrenched management team. He insists that a board’s role must be to challenge management. Bosses must have an attitude of “paranoid optimism”, always on the lookout for potential threats. Nokia’s story shows why.
【正确答案-参考解析】：参加考试可见Section 2 Chinese-English Translation(Translate the following passage into English.)
1.在人类发展进步的壮阔征程上,中国与世界各国结伴前行。今年是中国改革开放 40周年。 40年来,我们历经风雨,砥砺前行,走出了一条中国特色社会主义道路。
这条道路,给中国带来了翻天覆地的变化。40年来, 7亿多人口摆脱绝对贫困, 占同期全球减贫人口总数的70%以上。建立覆盖13.5亿人口的基本医疗保险和9亿多人口的社会养老保险制度,为人类发展进步作出了我们的贡献。中国高速铁路已达 2.5万公里,占世界高铁总里程三分之二,带动全球基础设施建设迈上新水平。根据国际权威机构民调,在世界各国中,中国民众对国家发展成就的满意度和对发展前景的信心始终名列第一。
这条道路,向世界分享了共同发展的机遇。40年来,中国对外贸易额年均增长14.5%,为世界经济注入持久动力,提供了巨大市场。我们有信心继续保持经济向好势头,努力实现高质量发展,加快建设现代化经济体系,给世界创造更多贸易机会, 为各国提供更好投资环境。中国决不会封闭倒退,开放的大门只会越开越大。中国也不会高筑壁垒,准入的门槛只会越降越低。 ……
【正确答案-参考解析】：参加考试可见
