Section 2 Reading Comprehension(In this section you will find after each of the passages a number of questions or unfinished statements about the passage, each with 4 (A, B, C and D) choices to answer the question or complete the statement You must choose the one which you think fits best Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.)
1.Seeking to frame his new administration as one with a firm focus on closing the gap between children from affluent and poor families, Gov.-elect Gavin Newsom will propose spending some $1.8 billion on an array of programs designed to boost California's enrollment in early education and child-care programs. Newsom's plan, which he hinted at in a Fresno event last month, will be a key element in the state budget proposal he will submit to the Legislature shortly after taking office Monday，a source dose to the governor-elect's transition team said. The spending would boost programs designed to ensure children enter kindergarten prepared to learn, closing what some researchers have called the ''readiness gap” that exists based on a family's income. It would also phase in an expansion of prekindergarten and offer money to help school districts that don't have facilities for full-day kindergarten. “The fact that he's making significant investments with his opening budget is really exciting，” Ted Lempert，president of the Bay Area-based nonprofit Children Now，said Tuesday. “What's exciting is the comprehensiveness of it, because it's saying we，re going to focus on prenatal through age 5.” A broad overview document reviewed by The Times on Tuesday shows that most of the outlay under the plan — $1.5 billion — would be a one-time expense in the budget year that begins July 1. Those dollars would be a single infusion of cash, an approach favored by Gov. Jerry Brown in recent years. Most of the money would be spent on efforts to expand childcare services and kindergarten classes. By law, a governor must submit a full budget to the Legislature no later than Jan. 10. Lawmakers will spend the winter and spring reviewing the proposal and must send a final budget plan to Newsom by June 15. Though legislative Democrats have pushed for additional early childhood funding in recent years — a key demand of the Legislative Women's Caucus — those actions have typically come late in the budgetwriting season in Sacramento. 6tQuite frankly, to start out with a January proposal that includes that investment in California's children reflects a new day/5 state Sen. Holly J. Mitchell (D-Los Angeles) said. The governor-elect will propose a $750-million boost to kindergarten funding, aimed at expanding facilities to allow full-day programs. A number of school districts offer only partial day programs, leaving many low-income families to skip enrolling their children because kindergarten classes end in the middle of the workday. Because the money would not count toward meeting California's three-decades-old education spending guarantee under Proposition 98, which sets a minimum annual funding level for K-12 schools and community colleges, it will not reduce planned spending on other education services. Close behind in total cost is a budget proposal by Newsom to help train child-care workers and expand local facilities already subsidized by the state, as well as those serving parents who attend state colleges and universities. Together, those efforts could cost $747 million, according to the budget overview document. An expansion of prekindergarten programs would be phased in over three years at a cost of $125 million in the first year. The multiyear rollout would, according to the budget overview, “ensure the system can plan for the increase in capacity.” Lempert said the Newsom proposal is notable for trying to avoid the kinds of battles that in recent years pitted prekindergarten and expanded child care against each other for additional taxpayer dollars. “The reality is we need to expand both simultaneously,” he said. Another $200 million of the proposal would be earmarked for programs that provide home visits to expectant parents from limited-income families and programs that provide healthcare screenings for young children. Some of the money would come from the state's Medi-Cal program, and other money from federal matching dollars. Funding for the home visits program was provided in the budget Brown signed last summer; the Newsom effort would build on that.
【正确答案-参考解析】：参加考试可见2.At a recent debate in Washington about the rise of China, a U.S. career diplomat struck an optimistic note. Yes, China would probably soon overtake the United States as the world's largest economy, he conceded, but the Middle Kingdom was unlikely to rival the United States anytime soon when it came to “soft power”, or cultural influence and attractiveness. Indeed, soft power is generally seen as a major asset in the foreign policy realm, helping countries achieve their goals without resorting to “hard power” 一 i.e., coercive means. “Young people around the world，” the diplomat confidently asserted, “still listen to American music, watch American movies and dream of coming to the United States.” Particularly in Latin America, that remains as true as ever, despite Donald Trump in the White House and a historic and irreversible shift of economic power away from the West towards Asia.The United States' cultural influence and visibility stands unrivaled across Latin America.Chinese culture, by comparison, remains largely unknown and is usually met with indifference and a lack of interest. While some people are aware of China's growing economic role in Latin America — it is already the largest trading partner of several of the region's major economies, including Brazil, Chile and Peru — most would struggle to name a single Chinese contemporary singer, athlete or soap opera star. Latin America^ mass media busily reports even minor events in U.S. politics or cultural life, yet Chinese news remain the stuff of specialists. Yet while U.S. soft power may provide some tangible economic benefits in Latin America — think of tourism to Disney World and New York, Netflix subscriptions and Starbucks sales — it has also shown to be a double-edged sword, particularly in the foreign policy realm. China's under-the-radar approach in Latin America, by comparison，also brings important advantages, some of which may, paradoxically, be of greater strategic relevance in the long term. That is because, in a region traditionally concerned about U.S. meddling, strong cultural influence tends to inflate the perceived political and economic influence. While the United States'de facto influence in Latin America has declined significantly over the past decade — partly due to China's growing role in the region，but also because U.S. policymakers generally do not see the region as a priority — this change is barely reflected in the public debate, where the U.S. role remains outsized. That often makes cooperating with the United States politically costly. When Brazil's former President Fernando Henrique Cardoso reached, in 2000, a groundbreaking space cooperation deal with the United States, which would involve U.S. use of the Brazilian space agency 5s launch site in Alcântara in Northern Brazil (its equatorial location allows reducing fuel costs of satellite launches by 30 percent), the opposition saw an opportunity to whip up anti-American nationalist sentiment by mischaracterizing the technology safeguards agreement (TSA) as a threat to Brazil's sovereignty. Cardoso found himself accused of being an entreguista and canceled the project, which would have allowed Brazil to develop precious expertise in the area — increasingly important due to strong growth in the microsatellite sector crucial for GPS and internet communication. When the current government of Michel Temer took up the project recently, pressure again intensified, even though this time its successful conclusion is more likely. If the project partner had been China back then or today, it seems unlikely that the project would have faced as much political resistance. This episode is starkly contrasted by how China can operate across Latin America and make strategic investments almost without any real concern for public opinion. When Chinese investors recently bought a third of Brazil's electricity sector — a sector of tremendous strategic importance — the news barely made it to the front page of Brazilian newspapers.
【正确答案-参考解析】：参加考试可见Section 3 Cloze Test(In the following passage, there are 20 blanks representing words that are missing from the context.Below the passage，each blank has 4 choices marked by letters A, B, C and D respectively.There is only ONE right answer.Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.)
1.How much physical activity should teenagers do, and how can they get enough? Many teenagers spend a lot of time being sedentary (sitting or lying down) at school or work during their______(91) time.Modem______(92) such as smart phones，computers and food delivered to your front door encourage sedentary behavior.But this lack of physical activity can have______(93) consequences for your physical and mental health. We have all probably been told we have to exercise to stay healthy, but how much physical activity is the right amount for teenagers? And what are the______(94)? All teenagers are______(95) to do 60 minutes of physical activity each day.There are numerous benefits of physical activity, including physical (improved fitness and decreased risk of illness), social (having fun with friends) and______(96) (helps manage stress and anxiety) benefits. You should try to include a combination of______(97) activities (such as swimming or walking)，strength training (such as sit ups or weight training) and flexibility training (such as yoga or stretching). Try to______(98) easy, moderate, and harder activities that are both fun and personally challenging.Limiting______(99) time and screen time by regularly______(100) periods of sedentary behavior is another good idea.For example,standing and moving for a few minutes after every hour of sitting. There are 1,440 minutes in every day,______(101) being physically active for just 60 minutes is easily achievable. Incidental activity______(102) to any movement that increases your level of daily activity.These activities don't happen at the______(103), but instead rely on your daily choices. For example, office workers are often told to get more activity into their day by doing things such as parking further away from work and walking the rest of the way，and using the______(104) instead of the lift. Similarly, you could: ①walk or ride to school instead of taking a car or bus; ②walk around the oval as you chat to your friends at lunchtime instead of sitting; ③do something______(105) when you meet up with your friends on the weekend,such as swimming at the beach; ④do an (a)______(106) lap when you go to the shopping centre and/or, go down every aisle when you go to the supermarket; ⑤at family gatherings, play games with your younger siblings and cousins rather than playing on your phone; ⑥take your dog for a walk and a play at the park more often; ⑦ride an exercise bike or do some stretching while you watch TV. Making these simple choices each day can become a habit______(107) increases your physical activity and improves your health.______(108) activity doesn't replace planned exercise, but all the activity you do during the day adds up, and these two forms of activity can work together to increase your physical activity level. Incidental activity requires no special______(109) or preparation.You can just stand up and move at any time you choose.Remember: something is better than ______(110) and more is better than less.
【正确答案-参考解析】：参加考试可见
