Section 2 Reading Comprehension(In this section you will find after each of the passages a number of questions or unfinished statements about the passage, each with 4 (A, B, C and D) choices to answer the question or complete the statement You must choose the one which you think fits best Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.)
1.Citing Ohio ordinances that allow individuals to seek charges against someone they've seen commit a crime, seven Euclid residents claim to have "witnessed" the encounter between Officer Michael Amiott and driver Richard Hubbard III by virtue of viewing a four- minute video on Facebook.Their unique argument has triggered discussion in the legal community about the role that “social media witnesses” could play in such cases. “It used to just be the police officer's word against the victim's word,” notes lead petitioner Richard T.Montgomery Ⅱ."Now, in the age of cellphone videos and social media, we as a community have the opportunity to participate in ensuring police accountability.,, The racially and economically diverse group scored its first victory in late December when a municipal judge responded to its request by requiring the Cuyahoga County prosecutor to investigate Amiott for felonious assault during the August 2017 traffic stop. The cellphone video, which has more than 11 million views on Facebook, shows the officer repeatedly punching Hubbard's head as the 25-year-old man lay in the street.Separate video from a police cruiser's dash cam shows Amiott wrestling Hubbard to the ground moments after he was ordered out of his car for a suspended driver 5s license. Amiott was fired two months later for excessive force.But in the majority-black city, emotions flared anew this October when he was rehired following an arbitrator's ruling in his favor.The ensuing outcry included the NAACP announcing a travel advisory to people of color who might be driving through Euclid. The legal issues raised by the citizens' petition and the prospect of witnesses via social media are largely untested. Cleveland attorney Rebecca Maurer, who wrote a popular blog about the "Serial” podcast’s recent focus on Cuyahoga County's criminal justice system, expects such witnesses might have to first establish that they were somehow personally affected before being allowed to initiate charges. “The judicial system relies on the idea of，‘standing’ to regulate the type of cases that go to court,” she said.“A judge who borrows from standing theory will want to know exactly why social media witnesses should initiate the case.Perhaps it's enough if the petitioners are local residents claiming a personal stake in the security of their community.” In his ruling referring the matter to the county prosecutor, Euclid Municipal Judge Patrick Gallagher did point out that the petitioners fail to claim any “personal knowledge of Mr.Hubbard's injuries.” Had they done so, he could have taken more drastic action, the judge seemed to imply.Under Ohio law, Gallagher also could have used the citizens' petition to circumvent the prosecutor's office and issue an arrest warrant for Amiott. Nearly a dozen other states also allow private citizens to initiate criminal charges — including Pennsylvania, New Hampshire, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Texas and Idaho. In all but one, however, the decision to actually file criminal charges is left to a prosecutor or grand jury.The exception is South Carolina, where police also have that power. Testimony from people claiming to have witnessed something via social media can be problematic, cautions Seth Stoughton, a University of South Carolina law professor and former officer, since video posted online, even unedited, often provides limited information about an event. “Beyond what they see directly in front of them, officers also rely on peripheral, aural and tactile information ...That doesn't always come across accurately, or at all, on video,” said Stoughton, who writes extensively about police regulation and use of force.By definition, he added, social media witnesses will always have such limitations. Some attorneys worry that the very community such individuals hope to protect could instead be negatively affected.Civil rights lawyer Maya Wiley, a former board chair of the NYC Civilian Complaint Review Board, an independent police oversight agency, warns of implicit bias in the criminal justice system that could favor a white social media witness over one of color. （选自《华盛顿邮报》2019年1月5日）
【正确答案-参考解析】：参加考试可见2.Every autumn, retailers hire large numbers of seasonal workers to handle the rush of holiday business. Then, after the new year kicks in, many of those temps typically rejoin the ranks of low-skilled job seekers, eager for work and often willing to accept meager pay. That cycle has long been good for the restaurant industry, with food preparation workers and servers receiving mean annual wages that were half those of the U.S. average, according to May 2017 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics data. It may not work out that way in 2019. Fewer teens are in the workforce nowadays, reducing the number of job seekers for low-wage work and helping raise the pay rates needed to woo those who are. Also, minimum wage increases for lower-skilled workers at companies such as Amazon.com, Walmart, and Target are making it more difficult for restaurants to compete for talent，forcing them to try everything from social media campaigns to quarterly bonuses to entice applicants. “The last 18 to 24 months，it's been very competitive, no matter what time of year,?, says Bjorn Erland, vice president for people and experience at Yum! Brands Inc.'s Taco Bell chain. “I don't think it's going to ease up much just because the holidays are over.” Many franchisees, who do most fast-food hiring, are loath to raise wages, which must be off-set by higher menu prices. They count on ample pools of workers willing to accept modest pay. So the falloff in employment among postmillennials, those less than 22 years old, is particularly troublesome for restaurants that have depended on young workers since the days of soda jerks and carhops. Just 19 percent of 15- to 17-year-olds had jobs in 2018, compared with almost half in 1968, according to a Pew Research Center study published in November. It wasn't much better for 18- to 21-year-olds: In 2018, 58 percent had been employed in the previous year, down from 80 percent in 1968, Pew says. That's making restaurants rethink how they recruit and retain young workers. Taco Bell has started holding “hiring parties” with free nacho fries to draw prospects. Tom Douglas, vice president for operations at Golden Gate Bell, which operates 80 Taco Bell locations in and around San Francisco, has gone further: He's started using software to connect with potential hires. The program sends prospects text messages with links to its career page, along with occasional food freebies to lure candidates. Golden Gate Bell, which employs about 1，800 and competes with Wendy's, McDonald's，and bigbox retailers for employees, also recently started a quarterly bonus program for hourly staff. “The traditional way of trying to hire folks just isn't working,” says Douglas. “We’re just trying to make ourselves a little bit different and stand out from the competitors.” Actions that increase employee retention are also getting a lot of attention in the high- turnover business. The White Castle hamburger chain is using an employee mobile app that allows hourly staff to swap shifts at the last minute when conflicts inevitably arise. And Sticky Fingers Ribhouse，an 11-store barbecue chain in South Carolina，is asking employees for their opinions. It recently surveyed staff about its new rib recipe, along with their happiness with its uniforms. t6The younger labor market, they really want to feel connected to a brand,” says Will Eadie, global vice president for strategy at WorkJam, which provides training and other digital labor services through a mobile app for clients including restaurants and retailers such as Target Corp. and Shell gas stations. How desperate are fast-food operators to reach the right people? Instead of business cards, managers at Church9s Chicken outlets in October started handing out recruiting cards that say, “We are looking for great talent like you!” The cards include phone numbers and emails for cook and cashier prospects to get in touch. In the long term, restaurants need to find new ways to work around shortages because the tight labor market isn't going away anytime soon, says Michael Harms, vice president for operations at researcher TDn2K, which tracks restaurant industry employment trends. “Restaurants are going to have to rely on technology to replace these workers,” he says. “I don't see a lot of relief on the way.”
【正确答案-参考解析】：参加考试可见Section 3 Cloze Test(In the following passage, there are 20 blanks representing words that are missing from the context.Below the passage，each blank has 4 choices marked by letters A, B, C and D respectively.There is only ONE right answer.Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.)
1.Maintaining Friendship in Adolescence Secondary school can be a______（91） place for adolescents who don't have a best friend or a group of trusted friends.Young people will be______（92） skilled in the art of making genuine friends （and keeping them） if they know______（93） to be assertive，and optimistic about life，have some basic social skills and have a relationship with a parent/carer that includes honest talk. Be assertive, not______（94） Being assertive can help young people in not only sticking______ （95） for themselves,______（96） it can also communicate to others a sense of self-assuredness.An assertive way of speaking and being can make young people ______（97） and more popular with peers. Assertiveness ______（98） polite but firm talk, eye contact, and controlled behavior.Ifs not to be confused with aggression which often takes the form of a raised voice, ______（99）, put-downs and greedy behaviour. One way adults can______（100） assertiveness in young people is to encourage it in the safe environment of the home.Young people can practice assertive language and behaviour______（101） they explain to siblings that their room is not a public thoroughfare，when they defend their right to use the bathroom by themselves but in a timely way, when they argue they need quiet and time alone to complete homework. Optimism can lead to success Grief and tears about friendships are______（102） in the secondary school years.At some stage, your child is likely to come home either sullen, withdrawn, crying or______（103）.They may even experience school refusal,______（104） is when they refuse, or are reluctant about going to school. An adolescent who has a positive mindset is more______（105） to bounce back into the usual routines of friendships.When a young person has a positive mindset, they tend to see setbacks and troubles as______（106）.They identify them for what they are （specific, time-related issues） rather than for what they are not （global and eternal）. That is to say, positive kids are more likely to identify a specific and reasoned account of friendship troubles （6tSally was mean to me today because she was in a terrible mood）,rather than a global and ______（107） account （“Sally is mean, she has always hated me”） You can foster a positive mindset in your child by modelling and encouraging positive self-talk in the home.Expect your child to be looking forward to something each day at school.That might be catching______（108） with friends，a particular class in school or even an exam or test! Healthy relationships with adults Children who have good and healthy relationships with adults are more likely to have good and healthy relationships with their______（109）.So, it’s important for you to foster a supportive relationship with your child.Try to be an encouraging parent who really listens to your child's concerns.Your child will not expect you to have all the answers. Adolescence can be tricky to navigate from a parent’s perspective.Making and maintaining healthy friendships is just one______（110） of the teenage years.Parental role-modelling, encouragement and seeking support from the school can make this aspect of the adolescent years rewarding and fruitful for many years to come.
【正确答案-参考解析】：参加考试可见
